What is Scabies?
Scabies is a skin condition caused by tiny mites called Sarcoptes scabiei. These mites burrow into the skin and cause itching and a rash. Anyone can get scabies, no matter their age or background. Because scabies spreads easily, it is important to know the signs and how to treat it. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), scabies affects millions of people worldwide each year.
Symptoms of Scabies
Scabies symptoms usually appear two to six weeks after first exposure. However, if you have had scabies before, symptoms may show up sooner. Common signs include:
Intense itching, especially at night
Red bumps or blisters on the skin
Thin, wavy lines (burrows) on the skin
Sores from scratching
Usually, scabies rash appears between fingers, on wrists, elbows, waist, or around the genitals. But, it can affect other areas too. Children and older adults may get rashes on their head, face, or neck.
Causes and How Scabies Spreads
Scabies is caused by mites that live and lay eggs in the skin. These mites are so small that you cannot see them without a microscope. Because scabies spreads through close skin-to-skin contact, it often affects families or people living together. For example, sharing a bed or clothing can spread scabies. However, brief handshakes or hugs usually do not spread the mites.
Sometimes, scabies can spread by sharing towels, bedding, or clothes. But, this is less common. Pets do not spread human scabies.
Diagnosis of Scabies
If you think you have scabies, see a doctor for a proper diagnosis. Usually, doctors look at the rash and ask about your symptoms. Sometimes, they may gently scrape the skin to check for mites or eggs under a microscope. This helps confirm scabies. Early diagnosis can prevent spreading the condition to others.
Treatment Options for Scabies
Scabies treatment involves killing the mites and their eggs. Doctors often prescribe creams or lotions, such as permethrin cream. You should apply the medicine to your whole body, not just the itchy spots. Leave it on for the recommended time, then wash it off. Sometimes, a second treatment is needed after one week.
In some cases, doctors may prescribe pills if creams do not work. To help with itching, you can use:
Antihistamine tablets
Calamine lotion
Cool baths
Even after treatment, itching may last for a few weeks. However, this does not mean the mites are still present. If symptoms do not improve, talk to your doctor.
Prevention Tips and Lifestyle Guidance
To prevent scabies from spreading, follow these tips:
Wash all clothes, bedding, and towels in hot water
Dry items on a hot setting for at least 20 minutes
Seal items that cannot be washed in a plastic bag for at least 3 days
Clean your home, especially shared spaces
Make sure everyone in your home gets treated at the same time
Because scabies spreads easily, it is important to avoid close contact until treatment is complete. Also, do not share personal items like towels or clothing.
When to See a Doctor
If you have a rash that will not go away or intense itching, see a healthcare professional. Early treatment can stop scabies from spreading. In addition, if you have been in close contact with someone who has scabies, talk to your doctor. Sometimes, you may need treatment even if you do not have symptoms yet.
In summary, scabies is a common skin problem that can be treated. With the right steps, you can prevent it from spreading. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on scabies.
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